The treatment of petroleum wastewater remains a significant environmental challenge due to its complex composition, including hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and toxic organic pollutants. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies offer advancements in addressing these challenges through automated diagnostics and decision support systems, which minimize human errors and enhance the efficiency of wastewater treatment. AI enables the optimization of treatment parameters, predictive maintenance, and remote real-time monitoring and control, making the treatment cost-efficient. This chapter examines the integration of AI technologies in the treatment of petroleum wastewater, with a focus on their applications for real-time problem-solving and water quality monitoring. By highlighting key AI-driven methodologies, this chapter underscores the potential of AI to revolutionize petroleum wastewater treatment, providing sustainable and practical solutions to one of the most complex environmental issues.