Recently, intensive oil drilling and exploitation operations have led to oil field discharges, posing significant threats to the environment and socio-economic activities. These discharges contain high concentrations of hydrocarbons, dissolved salts, chemical additives, heavy metals, and other toxic components, contributing to environmental degradation. Oil discharge contamination affects soil, surface water, groundwater, biodiversity, and local communities that rely on these resources for their livelihoods. This study provides a comprehensive overview of oil spillage discharges and their impacts on socio-economic activities and the environment. Fisheries, agriculture, and soil productivity decline due to oil-polluted waters, directly affecting food security, income, and overall productivity. Additionally, oil spillage discharges raise serious health concerns for humans, increasing disease risks and long-term health implications. Given these consequences, there is an urgent need for policies and effective remediation strategies to mitigate the impacts of oil discharge on the environment and local communities.