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This paper presents a methodology for integrating Functional Mock-up Units (FMUs), based on the Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) standard, into real-time industrial control systems. Originally designed for design-time simulation, FMUs pose challenges in deterministic execution and system safety when deployed in operational environments. To address this, a modular C-based wrapper has been developed to manage FMU behavior within real-time constraints. Planned integration of Linux seccomp filters will further sandbox FMUs to prevent unsafe system calls. Preliminary validation using simplified test cases, including a low-pass filter and RS flip-flop, demonstrates the feasibility of this approach. The methodology supports enhanced testing, improved system flexibility, and lays the foundation for real-time Digital Twin implementations. Future work includes the completion of sandboxing, extensive performance evaluations, and support for multi-FMU co-simulation. This approach aims to enable safe, deterministic FMU integration across diverse industrial domains, supporting the advancement of model-based design and operational intelligence.

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Integrating Functional Mock-Up Units into Industrial Control Systems: Methodology and Insights on Real-Time Behavior

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Thomas Krug,
  • Omar Veledar,
  • Georg Macher

摘要

This paper presents a methodology for integrating Functional Mock-up Units (FMUs), based on the Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) standard, into real-time industrial control systems. Originally designed for design-time simulation, FMUs pose challenges in deterministic execution and system safety when deployed in operational environments. To address this, a modular C-based wrapper has been developed to manage FMU behavior within real-time constraints. Planned integration of Linux seccomp filters will further sandbox FMUs to prevent unsafe system calls. Preliminary validation using simplified test cases, including a low-pass filter and RS flip-flop, demonstrates the feasibility of this approach. The methodology supports enhanced testing, improved system flexibility, and lays the foundation for real-time Digital Twin implementations. Future work includes the completion of sandboxing, extensive performance evaluations, and support for multi-FMU co-simulation. This approach aims to enable safe, deterministic FMU integration across diverse industrial domains, supporting the advancement of model-based design and operational intelligence.