Introduction
摘要
This introductory chapter frames the book’s central inquiry into how local governments across Western and Transition European countries act as key agents of innovation in advancing equity, sustainability, and smart development. It situates local governance at the intersection of global sustainability agendas and local realities, emphasizing its vital role in achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals and EU policy objectives. It outlines the book’s three guiding research questions—on inclusive governance, sustainability and smart transitions, and local economic vitality—and presents the conceptual and methodological foundations for exploring these themes. Drawing on a diverse range of case studies from both Western and post-transition contexts, the chapter highlights the need for multi-scalar, data-informed, and participatory approaches to urban and regional governance.