This article analyses the institutional foundations of digitalising the accounting and control systems in the agricultural sector, considering the current challenges of digitalisation and the growing demand for effective management. It considers the essence and specifics of establishing an institutional framework for integrating digital technologies into the accounting practices of agricultural enterprises. The article highlights the key structural components of this mechanism, its functional characteristics, and its internal connections. The results of research into the impact of digital tools on the transformation of accounting processes are introduced into scientific circulation, focusing on the automation of the collection, processing, transmission and analysis of financial and economic information. Key obstacles to digitalisation have been identified, including a lack of regulatory and legal framework, low digital competence among personnel, and limited access to infrastructure. The potential benefits of digitally transforming accounting and control procedures in agribusiness are substantiated, including reduced accounting costs, enhanced control over resource usage, increased management decision transparency, and improved financial reporting quality. Strategic directions for strengthening the institutional environment to support digital initiatives are proposed, including updating the regulatory framework, investing in digital infrastructure, improving specialist qualifications, and developing public–private partnerships in agri-digitalisation. The results obtained have both scientific and practical value. They can inform state policy on the digital development of the agricultural sector, as well as the modernisation of accounting systems in agricultural enterprises in line with the requirements of the digital economy.