Thin film coatings are widely applied to various products to enhance hardness, wear resistance, conductivity, and aesthetics. Industries such as aerospace, electronics, automotive, and machinery utilize thin film coatings to improve functional performance. These coatings are produced using microdeposition techniques, encompassing a wide range of processes. This chapter provides an overview of thin film deposition technology, with a particular focus on physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques. It presents the fundamental principles and mechanisms of thin film formation using PVD. The chapter also discusses cutting tool coatings, focusing on key coating materials and their roles in machining applications.