Globally, millions rely on smallholder farming, which accounts for approximately 70% of the population depending on agriculture. However, erratic rainfall, rising temperatures, and prolonged droughts pose significant changes due to climate change. In this chapter, we explore the viability of smallholder agriculture using the vulnerability theory to understand the impact of climate change in Zimbabwe. Key findings reveal that smallholder farmers from Shabula village in Lupane face declining rain-fed farming viability due to climatic stressors, exacerbating poverty and food insecurity. Socioeconomic and environmental constraints limit adaptation strategies such as efficient irrigation and crop diversification. To enhance resilience and sustain livelihoods, it is crucial to strengthen technologies, expand extension services, and re-examine land use practices in Zimbabwe. To address these challenges, the country needs to ensure the sustainability of smallholder farmers by securing the livelihoods of millions who depend on this sector.