Integrated desert farming is a holistic farming system involving water saving irrigation technologies, renewable energy options, use of soil amendments, crop diversification and protected cultivation for high productivity and sustainability in non-arable dry lands. In this chapter, quantitative evidence provided by case studies, experimental materials and regional studies is used to assess the performance of integrated desert farming methods in desert ecosystems around the world, particularly in the environments of the Middle East, North Africa and Southwest Asia. Data provided by research indicates that drip irrigation, together with mulching and fertilizers, has increased WUE by 55–75%, and decreased water application rates from 12,000 m3/ha to as low as 3500–5000 m3/ha annually. Yield analysis on 15 horticulture farms in the integrated desert showed a 30–65% increase in fruit/vegetable-cereal yields due to precision irrigation and precision fertilizers. For instance, the productive value of date palm increased from 6 to 10 tons/ha/year under an integrated management in Oman and UAE. Soil quality indicators show a 20–40% gain in soil organic matter over three years from the presence of compost and biochar. Salinity management practices such as gypsum application and regulated deficit irrigation led to 35% decrease in soil ECe (7.8–5.1 dS/m). Adoption of solar power desalination and irrigation reduced the energy cost of operation increasingly up to 45%, saving carbon emissions by 2.5–3.2 tons CO2 e/ha/year. In addition, the inclusion of value-added crops (e.g., quinoa, saffron, moringa) in rotation systems increased farm income by 2.2 times. Employment A livelihood study based on pilot work carried out in Egypt and Saudi Arabia, indicates a 40% increase in protected cultivation and post-harvest employment because of increased demand for labour. This chapter demonstrates how integrated desert farming emerges as a climate resilient, resource efficient model for transitioning from desert agriculture with demonstrable benefits in productivity, resource use and socio-economic development.