The presence of automotive batteries in new energy vehicles leads to a significant increase in overall vehicle mass compared to comparable fuel vehicles, and a significant increase in the demand for air springs, which promotes the popularity of the development of multi- chamber air spring technology, and also puts forward higher requirements for the compressor components in the suspension system. The use of a two-stage piston compressor can be better adapted to the needs of multi-chamber air springs for high pressure ratio and large displacement. Unlike traditional compressors in stable working conditions, due to the small size and variable backpressure characteristics of the work, two-stage air suspension compressor in the process of continuous changes in the interstage pressure, the interaction between the two stages is more significant. Therefore, based on the working characteristics and structural features of the two-stage compressor, this paper establishes a one-dimensional thermodynamic and kinetic simulation model by using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method of self-programming, determines the characteristics of the inter-stage pressure changes of the two-stage compressor, and obtains the changes in the performance parameters of the compressor. Moreover, a performance test platform is built and P–V tests are carried out which verifies the accuracy of the simulation model. So, the research realizes the improvement of the compressor performance by optimising the parameters of the model components and making the compressor more suitable for practical application scenarios.