The industrial sector is a major contributor to primary energy consumption and carbon emissions, with many processes relying on fossil fuels for heating and steam production. High-temperature heat pumps (HTHPs) have emerged as a promising alternative for decarbonizing industrial heating processes, particularly within certain temperature ranges. However, the limited availability of components that can safely and efficiently operate in a high-temperature environment over a long period of time is still a bottle-neck in the overall system and technology development. To address this challenge, a design study was conducted to develop a twin-screw compressor for HTHP applications targeting heat sink temperatures up to 200 ℃ with cyclopentane as the working fluid. An industrial refrigeration compressor has been used to establish a baseline geometry and to further manipulate the profiles to target HTHP boundary condition requirements. A thermodynamic model of the compressor has been used to investigate the design space and evaluate the impact of lubricant and economization of the discharge temperature, performance metrics, and losses. Furthermore, the dynamic behavior and thermal deformation during operation of the newly defined rotor pair was analyzed with a rotor dynamics simulation model to quantify the thermal–mechanical stresses and impact on sealing lines. Based on the findings, the 5/7 rotor configuration was further optimized to achieve a heating capacity of approximately 40 kW that will be used in an experimental setup. This study provides insights into advancing the design of compressors for high-temperature heat pump systems, addressing critical challenges in component performance and system reliability.