Vietnam has set an ambitious target to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, underscoring its commitment to environmental protection, climate change mitigation, and sustainable development as stipulated in international agreements. The country’s natural and economic conditions present a significant potential for the development of environmentally friendly renewable energy sources, including solar power, onshore and offshore wind energy, and biomass energy. On November 25, 2015, the Prime Minister issued Decision No. 2068/QĐ-TTg, approving Vietnam’s Renewable Energy Development Strategy to 2030, with a vision to 2050. Further advancing its renewable energy agenda, the Prime Minister approved the National Power Development Plan for the 2021–2030 period, with a vision to 2050 (Power Development Plan VIII), through Decision No. 500/QĐ-TTg on May 15, 2023. Despite these efforts, Vietnam’s existing legal and policy framework has yet to provide a robust foundation for effectively promoting renewable energy growth. Practical implementation reveals significant gaps and limitations. Drawing from international experiences, particularly those of the European Union and China, this paper identifies legal challenges within Vietnam’s renewable energy legislation and proposes solutions for improvement.