According to the World Bank, only 22% of Sub-Saharan Africans (SSAs) have access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking, with significant disparities between rural and urban areas. This low access rate exposes a vast majority of SSA households to health risks associated with the use of non-clean or dirty fuels for cooking. Air pollution from unclean cooking fuels contributes to severe health conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. This study examines the impact of three dimensions of financial inclusion on household access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking across 46 SSA economies from 2001 to 2022. The analysis employs Fixed Effects (FE) and Random Effects regression models as the baseline approaches, while the FE regression with Driscoll and Kraay standard errors is used to address groupwise heteroskedasticity, serial correlation, and cross-sectional dependence. The findings reveal important policy insights. First, an increase in bank account ownership—capturing the availability dimension of financial inclusion—positively impacts access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking. Second, an increase in the number of bank branches, reflecting the accessibility dimension of financial inclusion, also enhances access to clean cooking solutions. However, the results indicate a disparity in the effects across locations. While improvements in bank account ownership and bank branches significantly boost access to clean fuels and technologies in rural areas, these relationships are insignificant in urban areas. Additionally, the study finds no significant relationship between bank concentration and access to clean cooking fuels and technologies in both rural and urban locations. The study has provided some policy recommendations, accordingly.

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Financial Inclusion and Household Cooking Energy Transition in Africa

  • Chimere Iheonu,
  • Charles Mbohwa

摘要

According to the World Bank, only 22% of Sub-Saharan Africans (SSAs) have access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking, with significant disparities between rural and urban areas. This low access rate exposes a vast majority of SSA households to health risks associated with the use of non-clean or dirty fuels for cooking. Air pollution from unclean cooking fuels contributes to severe health conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. This study examines the impact of three dimensions of financial inclusion on household access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking across 46 SSA economies from 2001 to 2022. The analysis employs Fixed Effects (FE) and Random Effects regression models as the baseline approaches, while the FE regression with Driscoll and Kraay standard errors is used to address groupwise heteroskedasticity, serial correlation, and cross-sectional dependence. The findings reveal important policy insights. First, an increase in bank account ownership—capturing the availability dimension of financial inclusion—positively impacts access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking. Second, an increase in the number of bank branches, reflecting the accessibility dimension of financial inclusion, also enhances access to clean cooking solutions. However, the results indicate a disparity in the effects across locations. While improvements in bank account ownership and bank branches significantly boost access to clean fuels and technologies in rural areas, these relationships are insignificant in urban areas. Additionally, the study finds no significant relationship between bank concentration and access to clean cooking fuels and technologies in both rural and urban locations. The study has provided some policy recommendations, accordingly.