Energy poverty is a significant social problem that affects European countries to a large extent and increasingly often in the context of the crisis and the current geopolitical situation. In this study, a bibliometric analysis of the literature was carried out using data from the Scopus database covering research on energy poverty in the Visegrad Group (V4) of countries. The analysis reveals how and in what research perspective energy poverty has attracted the attention of researchers in this part of Europe (Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia), who the leading authors are, and which scientific papers are most frequently cited. Another important research issue was the territorial scope of the analyses carried out so far, and one of the research questions was the quantitative and qualitative differentiation of research on this phenomenon for urban and rural space. VOSviewer was used to conduct analyses and prepare graphical presentations of the network flows between researchers and publications, for example co-citation analysis, co-authorship analysis and co-occurrence analysis, as well as timeline view analysis. The analyses show that the subject of energy poverty in the research area is taken up with increasing frequency by researchers. However, there are relatively small, permanent bibliographic links. Energy poverty in the V4 countries is mainly the subject of urban studies. The results of the analyses allowed several cognitive and research gaps and priority research areas to be identified. The findings are important for strengthening research in this area and developing programmatic and policy interventions that address, amongst others, access to energy and affordability, with a special focus on vulnerable population groups.