Sustainable energy transitions are critical for addressing global climate challenges while fostering economic and social development. This chapter explores the interplay between renewable energy policies, energy justice, and environmental sustainability, emphasizing their role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study examines key energy transition dimensions, including social inclusion, environmental trade-offs, and policy effectiveness, by employing a qualitative synthesis of academic literature, institutional reports, and policies. Findings highlight the transformative potential of renewable energy in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, mitigating energy poverty, and promoting economic resilience. However, achieving a just transition requires well-structured policies integrating equity, environmental protection, and long-term sustainability. The chapter underscores the importance of governance frameworks, international cooperation, and community-driven initiatives in balancing economic growth with ecological preservation. A holistic approach to energy policy ensures that renewable energy transitions contribute meaningfully to human well-being and planetary health.