This book uses a theory of change to explain the difference media literacy makes to people’s lives and to the health of the communication ecosystem. As people develop media literacy and form new capabilities, we contribute to the health of the ecosystem in positive ways. It therefore follows that more media literacy improves ecosystem health and that a more media literate population will foster a healthier future, providing media literacy can be purposely motivated towards positive consequences and more precise about the change it makes. In this chapter, the relative toxicity of the communication ecosystem is considered. This scene setting in the opening chapters provides an ecosystem spectrum, from toxic to polluted to balanced and harmonious, within which we can map media literacy interventions for the difference they make in the pursuit of a healthier future.