Interventions in health care are increasingly scrutinized within the context of health technology assessment (HTA), including economic evaluations as one of its components. Obviously, adult vaccines and vaccination programs are not excluded from this trend and can in most European countries not be considered without appropriate HTA. HTA may be conceived to have emerged during the last decades of the previous century, with the United Kingdom as its typical cradle. Typically, the UK hosted/hosts the premier HTA-agency, i.e., the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE, https://www.nice.org.uk/ ). HTA aims to extrapolate findings from the typical and classical randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to so-called real-world settings, including the question whether the new intervention—such as a vaccine—is worth the price or cost.