The identification of nailfold capillaroscopic changes in scleroderma-spectrum disease was instrumental in confirming the aetiopathogenic significance of endothelial damage and vascular injury in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Some of the early studies of nailfold capillaroscopy also noted striking abnormalities in capillary morphology in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). In view of the high prevalence of Raynaud’s phenomenon and other vascular features across the other systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases, it is unsurprising that nailfold capillaroscopy has been assessed as a potential clinically useful tool in the assessment of other rheumatological diseases. As nailfold capillaroscopy has developed in terms of image acquisition and analysis, there is a growing body of literature describing the prevalence and clinical significance of nailfold capillaroscopic abnormalities in other rheumatological diseases. To date, nailfold capillaroscopy remains a research tool in these disorders and has yet to gain a role in the classification or routine diagnostic assessment of other rheumatological diseases. Some of the nailfold capillary abnormalities reported in other rheumatological disease appear to be distinct from those associated with SSc and IIM, and can regress with treatment; potentially providing valuable additional mechanistic insight into the aetiopathogenesis of other rheumatological diseases. The morphological capillary features described are only seldom found in over half of patients and have not been classified as carefully as in SSc. In overlap disease, nailfold capillaroscopy may be valuable in better understanding the relative contribution of SSc-spectrum disease to the overall clinical phenotype, which could also have clinical utility in disease sub-setting and personalised medicine. In the present chapter, I shall discuss the evidence for nailfold capillary abnormalities and potential role of nailfold capillaroscopy in rheumatological diseases other than SSc and IIM.