This chapter examines the intersection of non-state and state actors in the governance of Syrian refugees, using Jordan as a case study. It explores the role of Third Sector organizations in bridging governance gaps amidst the region’s state-centric and often authoritarian regimes. The chapter analyzes the opportunities presented by initiatives such as the Jordan Compact and the Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan (3RP) and evaluates the challenges of integrating Third Sector innovations into governance frameworks dominated by state priorities. The findings highlight the balance between resilience-focused models and the constraints of state-centric governance, offering lessons for enhancing Third Sector engagement in the MENA region. It explores the challenges and opportunities presented by the Syrian refugee crisis, focusing on governance issues in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). As the crisis unfolded, civil society organizations, particularly Third Sector groups, played a crucial role in filling governance gaps left by weakened state institutions. The prolonged nature of the crisis, coupled with the absence of effective regional institutions, underscored the necessity for diverse nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to step in and provide aid to the millions of displaced Syrians. However, the chapter also highlights the limitations faced by Third Sector groups in a global order increasingly leaning toward authoritarianism. Autocratic governments in the MENA region and beyond prioritize claims of territorial and population control, challenging the effectiveness of alternative governance models. Despite the challenges posed by a state-centric global system, the chapter evaluates the potential and pitfalls of Third Sector engagements in addressing the Syrian refugee crisis, with a specific focus on the case of Jordan.