Civil society organizations (CSOs) in Arab countries play a pivotal role in the peacebuilding process by fostering dialogue, promoting reconciliation, and addressing the root causes of conflict. In societies fractured by political instability, sectarian divisions, and extremist violence, CSOs create safe spaces for community engagement and mediation between opposing groups. They work together to rebuild trust, advocate for inclusive policies, and support transitional justice initiatives that acknowledge past grievances and promote social cohesion. Recently, growing academic attention has been paid to examining and analyzing this role, particularly in conflict zones and transitional contexts such as Yemen, Iraq, and Tunisia. However, additional studies are required for a better understanding of that role. This chapter scrutinizes the CSOs in Libya and their efforts to cope with authoritarianism and to address victimized groups’ concerns. It explores how they address the legacies of authoritarianism, advocate for human rights, and promote transitional justice. By highlighting the complexities of civil society engagement in the country, the chapter identifies key achievements and explores the main challenges they face.