This study investigates the influence of rear wing profile variations on the longitudinal dynamics of a high-performance vehicle. Prior research has established that, at high speeds, the rear wing generates significant downforce while also creating a large aerodynamic drag force. These aerodynamic forces directly impact the vehicle’s longitudinal dynamics, characterized by the maximum traction force that the car can generate. However, for each state regarding position, angle, length, etc., the aerodynamic influence of the rear wing on the vehicle’s dynamics also varies. The vehicle model used for the investigation has a rear wing that can change the angle of attack and wing profile. The results show that when the length of the rear wing changes significantly, either forward or backward, the impact on the vehicle’s dynamics also changes considerably for different angles of attack. The effectiveness of drag force and downforce on the rear axle increases significantly at large angles of attack when the rear wing is extended backward. The study results provide crucial information for controlling and developing an adaptive rear wing that corresponds to the motion states of the vehicle.