This chapter reviews the uniqueness of Lantana camara, examining its extensive ethnobotanical uses for conditions ranging from inflammatory responses and infections to respiratory and gastrointestinal distress. The chapter reviews the vast phytochemistry, identifying important bioactive compounds, such as triterpenoids (the toxic lantadenes and the beneficial oleanolic acid and ursolic acid), flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and essential oils, that could have therapeutic effects. This chapter also weighs the important problem of inherent toxicity, including hepatotoxicity and photosensitization for livestock (and danger to humans) from the lantadenes. By extension, there is a need for scientific research to isolate beneficial compounds and decrease toxicity to produce safe, standardized medications from this complicated plant. There is a paradox here, which makes Lantana camara very powerful medicinally.