This chapter examines the complex invasion ecology of Lantana camara, recognized globally as one of the most invasive plant species. The key biological and ecological characteristics that contribute to its outstanding invasive ability and impact on native ecosystems are discussed. Mechanisms examined include the high growth rate, potential for abundant seed production and seed dispersal, broad acclimatization over a large range of environmental conditions, and allelopathic ability to suppress growth of adjacent plants and vegetation. Its ability to disperse effectively and reproduce abundantly enables it to grow across diverse habitats and successfully outcompete native vegetation to cause ecological, economic, and social impacts. This chapter will explore Lantana camara’s invasion ecology, documenting global patterns of invasion, mechanisms of invasion, and ecological and economic consequences. In this chapter, the discussion involves the biological traits related to entering, establishing, and spreading in new locations, understanding the role of human-related activities, cover management approaches, and acknowledging actions useful to scientists, land managers, and policymakers in regions invaded by Lantana camara.