In the interwar period, there was a boom in discourses among intellectuals. This boom is set in the context of a multi-layered perception of crisis regarding the socio-historical situation of the time after the First World War. In the aftermath of the First World War and the attendant economic, political, social and cultural crises, many intellectuals perceived it as their responsibility to engage in critical reflection on the societal challenges of the post-war period and the nascent republic. This was accompanied by a plea to redefine the future societal role and function of intellectuals. Representatives of sociology played a decisive role in these discourses. The present chapter addresses key sociological studies on the intelligentsia. It highlights prominent sociologists of the intelligentsia in the interwar period, particularly Emil Lederer, Carl Brinkmann, Alfred Weber and Karl Mannheim, who significantly shaped the intellectual sociological discourse of the Weimar period. It emphasises that these sociologists regarded the intellectuals, most of whom counted themselves among this group, as decisive social figures attributed with a key role in reflecting on and managing the societal challenges of the interwar period, owing to their critical analytical abilities, relative detachment from existential perspectives and capacity for cultural mediation.