The operation of Power systems has relied on optimal power flow (OPF) for many years. Optimal power flow (OPF) helps facilities reliable and economical energy supply while ensuring safety in modern electrical system management planning. OPF design controls an electrical network’s set points of control variables to find the optimal balance between system security and cost reduction with emission control and voltage regulation goals. The design of current power systems faces a significant challenge due to the complexity of optimal power flow. The complexity of OPF has increased because distributed electricity generation, smart grid technology, and green energy sources continue their advancement. This research presents a detailed evaluation of OPF that includes explanations of its mathematical model and solution approaches, as well as current applications and developments. Evaluates future evolutionary patterns of electrical system operations based on problem detection methods and solution algorithms, uncertainty control measures, and real-time optimization techniques with data-driven methods.