Industry 5.0 emphasizes human-centric approaches, integrating human wellbeing and decision making with advanced technologies like AI and robotics. Neuroergonomics plays a pivotal role in optimizing Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) by understanding cognitive load and improving human-machine interactions. Through techniques like electroencephalography (EEG), neuroergonomics provides real-time monitoring of mental workload, enabling adaptive systems that reduce cognitive overload and enhance decision-making. However, challenges remain in technological limitations, ethical concerns, and the need for standardized protocols. This paper explores the integration of neuroergonomics in Industry 5.0, highlighting its potential to optimize performance, reduce mental fatigue, and improve worker well-being in dynamic industrial environments.