The global nutrition landscape is characterized by the coexistence of overconsumption of energy-dense, ultra-processed foods and persistent micronutrient deficiencies, contributing to a double burden of malnutrition and rising rates of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. To present an integrative framework for nutritional therapy that aligns prevention and management of NCDs with the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, particularly SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). The document reviews current global trends, highlighting the adverse health and environmental impacts of diets high in saturated fats, added sugars, and ultra-processed products. It proposes a shift toward sustainable dietary strategies including plant-based patterns, traditional diets, and precision nutrition informed by multi-omic technologies to optimize metabolic responses and reduce ecological footprints. Key interventions encompass personalized dietary plans, incorporation of whole foods rich in fiber and phytonutrients, and the application of nanotechnology to improve bioactive compound delivery. By integrating equity, climate resilience, and public health principles, nutritional therapy can transcend individual treatment to become a multidimensional tool that prevents NCDs, narrows health disparities, and fosters environmental sustainability, thereby advancing a healthier and more equitable future.