This study explores how energy efficiency (EE) can drive sustainable economic growth (SEG) in Africa. This chapter contributes to the literature by examining sustainable economic growth through the lens of energy efficiency in Africa. It provides an overview of energy efficiency and analyses its role in promoting sustainable economic growth across the continent. The chapter further identifies key challenges and outlines potential strategies for leveraging energy efficiency to drive economic development, while also exploring the future prospects of energy efficiency in Africa. The chapter identifies SEG is concerned with promoting environmental protection, social inclusion, and innovation. Theoretical, practical, and empirical evidence shows that EE enhances SEG through promoting energy security, reduces business costs, boosts green innovation, and conserves resources. However, challenges such as high investment costs, weak institutions, and limited awareness hinder progress. We also found that international support and Africa’s urbanisation trends offer strong momentum for EE to support SEG and climate resilience. Key policy recommendations include mainstreaming EE in national plans, offering financial incentives, strengthening institutional capacity, and promoting public education.