This chapter analyzes the role of policy incentives in mobilizing private sector investment for green energy development across African nations. Against the backdrop of rising urbanization, persistent energy access deficits, and intensifying climate impacts, it argues that well-crafted incentives, including feed-in tariffs, tax credits, guarantees, grants, and targeted risk mitigation measures, can catalyze capital inflows, stimulate innovation, and expand the deployment of renewable energy technologies across the continent. Through case studies of South Africa’s REIPPPP, Rwanda’s one-stop permitting regime, and Senegal’s successful use of guarantees from the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), the chapter highlights the significance of institutional quality, regulatory clarity, and collaborative governance in aligning private sector interests with national energy and climate priorities. At the same time, it emphasizes the limitations of incentives as a standalone solution and underscores the necessity of strong institutions, inclusive stakeholder engagement, and robust monitoring and evaluation frameworks. The chapter concludes that mobilizing private investment for green energy in Africa demands a balanced approach, one that couples targeted incentives with institutional reforms, public–private collaboration, and inclusive policymaking to foster a resilient, sustainable, and equitable energy transition across the continent.