The microgravity experienced on board the ISS imposes negative effects on the human body that can be compared to an early and accelerated aging process: if this may seem harmful, it actually represents a unique opportunity for medical research and science. To better support astronauts during current missions to the International Space Station and prepare for human missions beyond low Earth orbit, the Space Medicine Team is working to identify, evaluate, and develop new space technologies and procedures. The Space Medicine Team includes also the following domains: identification and evaluation of medical risks (including radiation) associated with low Earth orbit and deep space vehicles/habitats.