Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS), are defined by the gradual decline in neuronal function. This deterioration leads to impairments in cognition, motor skills, and sensory processing. Current therapeutic strategies remain limited, addressing symptoms without halting disease progression. Recent studies highlight that phytomedicine, which utilizes plant-based bioactive compounds, exhibits neuroprotective properties through mechanisms such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and modulation of neurotransmitter systems. However, challenges including low bioavailability, fast metabolism, and limited permeability across the BBB limit its clinical use. Nanotechnology has introduced innovative solutions to address these challenges. Advanced nanoformulations, including nanoparticles, liposomes, and nanocarriers, have demonstrated potential in improving the bioavailability, stability, and precise delivery of phytochemicals to the brain. Nanotechnological strategies facilitate controlled release and enhanced penetration across the BBB, optimizing the therapeutic efficacy of phytomedicine in treating neurodegenerative diseases. This chapter explores the synergy between phytomedicine and nanotechnology, highlighting cutting-edge advancements in their application to neurodegenerative disorders. It emphasizes the potential of phytomedicine nanotechnology to offer a novel, multifaceted therapeutic strategy, with the promise of more effective and disease-modifying treatments for neurodegeneration.