While many guidelines have been established for dental procedures, there remain areas of uncertainty that need clarification in clinical settings. Various research initiatives in dentistry are driven by the desire to identify effective treatments, leading to the emergence of evidence-based dentistry (EBD). EBD emphasizes the use of the latest evidence to guide patient care decisions, facilitated by systematic reviews that evaluate available information on dental conditions and treatments. Back to basics, it should be noted that discoveries from basic research often translate into breakthroughs in medical treatments, diagnostics, and preventive strategies over time. This type of research plays a pivotal role in expanding our understanding of biology and paves the way for innovations in health care. In this section, we thus demonstrate specific instances of contentious issues in dental care, especially in the field of periodontal treatment and dental implant materials, recognizing that as research progresses and technology develops, these may highlight the importance of fundamental biomedical research in shaping clinical practices and decision-making processes and serve to enhance and fine-tune dental care protocols.