Micropollutants, or contaminants of emergent concern (CECs), are toxic substances released into the environment from many sources. Significant levels of micropollutants, including pharmaceuticals, organic polymers, and suspended particles, are causing contamination of the water reservoirs. The release of different micropollutants into aquatic environments, especially those categorized as critical and hazardous, raises significant concerns because of their possible negative impacts on human health and living species. Their efficient elimination necessitates innovative approaches. A range of treatment methods for micropollutants have been identified, including large-scale technologies such as ozonation, ultraviolet (UV) treatment, adsorption on activated carbon, or membrane filtration, as well as treatments now being implemented, such as electrochemical, Fenton-based, or photocatalytic approaches. The electron catalytic membrane, a novel hybrid water treatment platform that combines membrane separation with electrochemical technologies, has garnered significant interest in eliminating microcontaminants from water and wastewater during the last decade. Hence, several studies have been conducted in recent decades on advanced technologies for treating tertiary wastewater. However, there is a dearth of a comprehensive assessment that considers environmental and economic factors in addition to the aforementioned technical considerations. Therefore, this chapter comprehensively provides an overview of each process, enabling the determination of technical viability, operational expenses, and related environmental effects. This comparative evaluation will assist in decision-making in the development and implementation of various technologies in an effective manner.