Microplastic contamination has grown to be a significant environmental issue that endangers biodiversity, human health, and ecosystems. Because microplastics are so complex and pervasive, traditional methods of minimizing their contamination, like chemical treatments and mechanical filtering, often fail. India, China, the United States, and Japan will account for 51 percent of the volume. Nanotechnology has recently demonstrated promise in tackling this issue by creating novel cleanup techniques. For the removal of microplastics from aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, nano-based methods such as the use of magnetic nanomaterials, tailored nanoparticles, and nanocomposites provide improved adsorption, filtration, and degradation capabilities. These methods make use of nanoparticles’ large surface area, reactivity, and precise targeting properties to help capture or degrade microplastics into less dangerous forms. The market capitalization was put at 25.7 billion dollars in 2015. Furthermore, a sustainable and environmentally beneficial substitute for conventional remediation methods is offered by the combination of biogenic nanoparticles and photocatalytic nanomaterials. This review explores the promising potential of nano-based strategies in tackling microplastic removal, highlighting their effectiveness, challenges, and future directions in developing scalable, efficient solutions for mitigating microplastic pollution in the environmental.