Environmental pollution, particularly from micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and industrial chemicals, poses a significant threat to global ecosystems, water, and soil quality. Studies show that over 80% of aquatic ecosystems worldwide contain detectable levels of micropollutants, impacting biodiversity, human health, and soil fertility. Soil pollution, exacerbated by excessive pesticide and fertilizer use, further undermines agricultural productivity and ecosystem health, directly impacting SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 14 (Life Below Water), and SDG 15 (Life on Land). This chapter explores innovative remediation strategies within a circular economy framework to address these challenges, focusing on environmental restoration and resource valorization. Advanced bioremediation techniques, such as microbial consortia that degrade up to 85% of pharmaceutical residues and enzymatic systems using laccases and peroxidases with up to 70% pollutant breakdown efficiency, are discussed. Green chemistry innovations, including biochar and catalytic systems, and nature-based solutions like constructed wetlands, which reduce micropollutant loads by 50–60%, are highlighted for their scalability in both water and soil pollution management. In India, where pesticide use accounts for 20% of global consumption (FAO), micropollutant contamination in rivers like the Yamuna and Ganga, and soil pollution from agricultural practices, are significant concerns. National initiatives, such as the National Water Mission and CSIR-NEERI’s bioremediation research, have demonstrated success in reducing pesticide residues by 40% in irrigation runoff, benefiting both water and soil quality. This chapter advocates for global collaboration, policy reforms, and investment in sustainable technologies to mitigate water and soil pollution, promoting resource efficiency and aligning with SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and SDG 13 (Climate Action).