Agroforestry, an ecologically responsible approach that unifies trees with field crops and livestock, has garnered recognition for its innate ability to enhance food security with a green economy and resilience in vulnerable communities over a wide array of agro-ecologies. This book chapter explores the interplay between agroforestry and environmental security, specifically targeting the strengthening of resilience within susceptible ecosystems. It examines the key concepts and principles of agroforestry and highlights its potential benefits in enhancing food production, improving nutritional diversity, and mitigating climate change impacts. Agroforestry supports small-scale farmers and marginalized communities, who often face barriers like limited availability of resources, climate variability, and various market constraints. Agroforestry systems can contribute to building resilient farming systems by diversifying income sources, providing ecosystem services, and improving soil health and water management. Furthermore, agroforestry plays quite a major role in addressing food security challenges (malnutrition and food insecurity), particularly in developing countries. The chapter focuses on agroforestry as a strategy to bolster the well-being of soil-plant interactions and atmospheric conditions across diverse agroecological contexts. It emphasizes the need for supportive policies, capacity building, and knowledge dissemination to facilitate the implementation and expansion of agroforestry practices.