Nerve entrapment syndromes encompass a wide spectrum of clinical entities characterized by the compression, irritation, or injury of peripheral nerves, often within anatomical bottlenecks or due to external influences. The following chapter delineates the anatomical, pathophysiological, clinical, and diagnostic aspects of common and rare entrapment neuropathies affecting both the upper and lower extremities. Differential other pathologies of peripheral nerves such as the Parsonage-Turner syndrome and traumatic nerve injuries—including obstetric and traumatic brachial plexus palsies—and iatrogenic nerve lesions are elaborated.