Aim: This literature review seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the concept of gender incongruence, addressing various aspects of the phenomenon through multiple perspectives. Methodology: Eligible studies were sought in Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed databases (end-of-search May 15, 2024). Results: Global prevalence rates, the experience of the young population, workplace equity, the controversial issues of gender transition and detransition are thoroughly presented. Discussion: Gender dysphoria remains a highly contentious subject, even in 2024. Despite ongoing societal and scientific advancements, there remains a notable lack of awareness and comprehensive understanding of gender incongruence. Future research must strive to employ updated and inclusive methodologies while developing robust scientific frameworks to support individuals undergoing gender transitions.