Victimology is the scientific study of victims, their experiences, and the psychological, social, and legal responses to those experiences (Walklate, Theoretical Criminology, 15(2), 179–194, 2011). Emerging as a distinct discipline in the mid-twentieth century, it was influenced by early criminological research that recognised the role of victims in crime dynamics (Fattah, Understanding criminal victimization: An introduction to theoretical victimology, Prentice-Hall Canada, 1991). While initial studies often focused on victim culpability, the field has since evolved to prioritise victim support, rights, and advocacy (Karmen, Crime victims: An introduction to victimology, Wadsworth Publishing, 2021). Victimologists examine the prevalence and patterns of victimisation, reporting behaviours, and the responses of legal, psychological, and social institutions. This includes analysing the impacts of crime on individuals and communities and understanding how systems such as the criminal justice process respond to and support victims. The shift from an approach centred on individuals who commit offences to one that highlights victim well-being has broadened the field’s scope. Within this evolution, language itself has become a site of debate, particularly the use of the terms victim and survivor, which carry different connotations. While victim may elicit perceptions of vulnerability and elicit sympathy, survivor is often associated with agency and strength (Papendick & Bohner, PLoS One, 12(5), e0177550, 2017). As such, this chapter explores the past and present of victimology, including key theories and approaches, victim typologies, the psychological impacts of victimisation, and the role of forensic psychologists in supporting victims. It also addresses contemporary debates, including victim blaming, secondary victimisation, restorative justice, and the influence of technological developments on the study and treatment of victims.