This chapter turns to the United Kingdom and examines Welsh initiatives in promoting language use opportunities and outcomes. The UK is relatively unusual in that the dominant language does not enjoy nor perhaps need official designation. In contrast Welsh, Gaelic, Scots, Irish and Ulster Scots enjoy varying degrees of official status. By focussing on constitutional change and UK post-devolution reforms this chapter will chart how Wales is constructing a language regime through innovative policies in statutory education, the public sector and the law. Such developments will be supplemented by describing and analysing community development initiatives and current proposals to stabilise and, if possible, strengthen the so-called heartland areas. Debates surrounding territorial and network principles of language and land-use planning will be scrutinised as will a host of issues such as housing supply, the atrophying of communities, relative poverty, agrarian structural changes and a diminution of public services, all of which present challenges to the health of vibrant Welsh-speaking communities. Innovative policies designed to increase the number of Welsh speakers to a million by 2050 under the flagship Cymraeg 2050 strategy will be scrutinised.