This chapter concerns Ireland and interprets the broad characteristics of official language strategies since independence. It pays particular attention to activity within the Gaeltacht and to the role of education and community development in nurturing new speakers and in sustaining Irish-medium interaction in the use of public services and in what may be considered as ‘breathable’ spaces. It analyses the operation and impact of key agencies such as Údarás na Gaeltachta and Foras na Gaeilge and will report on instances of minority language pressure and how effective The Twenty-Year Strategy for the Irish Language 2010–2030 has been together with other government initiatives in planning and policy domains which seek to serve the interests of Irish speakers.