This chapter interprets Canada’s enduring official language duality and its institutional architecture which serve as a fundamental feature of the operation of the state. By focussing on the legislative and administrative character of the polity it is possible to discern principles of best practice. Consequently, Canada represents both the most mature and most contested of all the language regimes analysed in this volume and is deserving of a detailed treatment. Canada’s mature approach to developing official language strategies, roadmaps and action plans is scrutinised and the most promising elements are identified for possible adoption in other jurisdictions.