Neuroanatomy is the cornerstone for understanding nerve pathways and key structures in modulating physiological responses and maintaining the body’s homeostasis. In Neuraltherapeutic medicine, detailed knowledge of the neuroanatomy of the face, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, back, and extremities allows for safer and more effective intervention strategies to be developed. This chapter provides an overview of the anatomy of the nervous system, with special emphasis on some cranial nerves, responsible for motor innervation and general and special sensitivity. The anatomy of the cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacrococcygeal plexuses is also addressed, which supply sensory afferents and motor efferents to different regions of the body. In addition, the sympathetic nervous system, with its ganglion chains, is described to provide a comprehensive understanding of its role in autonomic regulation.