This chapter explores the historical progression of Neuraltherapeutic medicine (NTM) by highlighting key milestones in our evolving comprehension of neural function in both human and animal health and disease processes. It addresses the intertwined contributions of prominent figures and overlooked pioneers in surgical local anesthesia (LA), therapeutic LA, novocainic blockades, Heilanästhesie, neural therapy according to Huneke (NT), covering fundamental concepts, research traditions, model building, and practice, along with shifting scientific paradigms over more than two centuries. From dualist analytical Western neurophysiology to monist Nervism’s synthetic psychophysiology, as of European Enlightenment and czarist Russia, through the technological revolution and the universalization of scientific knowledge, toward a still-developing ontological relational worldview. In certain academic realms, it is already recognized as a complex medical system and named Neuraltherapeutic Medicine due to the recent integration of diverse disciplinary insights and research on organism-environment-society interactions. NTM keeps up the ethical commitment and hopeful aspirations of doctors, dentists, and veterinarians devoted to taking care of all beings’ health.