Soil is not only a non-renewable environmental resource that is worth protecting, but also serves as the basis for food production and is essential in the context of the prevention of hunger and food insecurity. This chapter provides an overview of the causes of hunger and food insecurity and their links to the soil condition. As drivers of the global food crises, the effects of wars and violent conflicts, economic downturns, and consequences of climate change and other environmental degradation, including soil degradation, are interlinked and mutually reinforcing. Consequences of soil degradation, like reduced soil fertility and decreased crop yields, can lead to food insecurity, increased greenhouse gas emissions, and loss of biodiversity. Soil degradation and especially soil erosion impair agricultural productivity, leading to reduced food production and availability. By adopting sustainable agricultural practices, hunger could be reduced, food security promoted, and soil biodiversity and soil health secured. States have the obligation to ensure the human rights to adequate food and a healthy environment, including soil health, and not to violate these rights through their own actions. The chapter discusses solutions to realize these human rights and as well as the Sustainable Development Goals on “Zero Hunger” and “Life on Land.” It examines comprehensive, mainly long-term measures to combat hunger and food insecurity and assumes that systemic change can be achieved through legal and political instruments. Soil and food security require a multidimensional approach and an effective mix of legal instruments. By respecting human rights and practicing intergenerational justice and environmental responsibility, a more equitable and sustainable food system can be created that benefits both people and the planet. In this respect, the legal science can contribute to transforming the way we deal with and secure our soil.