Global Soil Governance During Health Pandemics and Crises: WHO Pandemic Treaty (2025) to the Rescue?
摘要
This chapter is a critical analysis of themes involving global soil governance and the law, global health pandemics, as well as the climate and energy crises. Global pandemics and crises threaten societies, health, food security, and livelihoods. The need for global soil governance is strengthened by evidence from multiple disciplines covering agricultural productivity and food security, human and animal health, preservation of biological diversity, and soil carbon storage, among others. The chapter then proceeds to analyze the scientific trans- and multidisciplinary interplay within the international legal order. At the core of all life on earth lies soil, a main global biological diversity reservoir that is interrelated with public global health through “One Health.” Soil is connected to almost everything that human beings and animals do; hence, any adverse effects on soils are bound to spread to human beings, animals, plants, and the entire biosphere. Historical examples abound showing that both global pandemics and environmental degradation are deadly and often disproportionately impact the world’s most vulnerable populations. Marginalized populations are disproportionately impacted by these crises because of a lack of capacity and resources to protect their communities, and in turn, global health pandemics and environmental crises interact in ways that make both problems worse. As much as global health pandemics and environmental crises exacerbate one another, social inequalities become further entrenched and more difficult to correct. Given that health and ecological systems are closely interrelated, this chapter argues that there is an opportunity for the international community and individual governments to design policy measures that are likely to have positive effects on both. In this light, this chapter also interrogates the rationale for the WHO Pandemic Treaty (2025) in relation to global soil governance, pandemics, and the food, biological diversity, climate, and energy crises. Is the WHO Pandemic Treaty (2025) capable of entrenching soil governance initiatives and designing other facilitative laws, policies, and practices to yield a positive impact on global environmental health?