Soil erosion in the Middle East and Iran is one of the causes of dust storm. Degradation of soil in MENA countries, especially in desert and semi-desert areas, along with the failure of desertification policies and the reduction of biodiversity, weak regional cooperation on environmental issues, caused dust storms. The international legal implications of soil erosion and dust storms in Iran and the broader Middle East are significant, particularly concerning environmental treaties and regional cooperation. The increasing frequency of dust storms, exacerbated by soil degradation and climate change, poses challenges that transcend national borders, necessitating collaborative legal frameworks. An issue that is important from a legal point of view for affected countries is the lack of a regional and international agreement in the field of soil erosion and dust storms. Although many international documents have been prepared in the field of air and soil pollutants and many efforts have been made to protect, but by looking at these documents and other international efforts, it can be understood that these efforts mostly focused on pollutants other than dust and soil. The main question of this chapter is to examine the relationship between soil degradation and dust storms in Iran and the Middle East region from the perspective of international law. The basic premise of the chapter in response to the main question is that despite the existence of some international documents as well as customary obligations in Iranian and international law, there are many shortcomings. In this regard, it is suggested to develop a regional dust agreement in the Middle East.