Spanish gastronomy is deeply rooted in the Mediterranean diet tradition. Despite its reputation for health benefits, the introduction of new ingredients and foods has influenced culinary, eating, and drinking habits. This shift is likely driven by consumers’ need to adapt to their daily lives and their desire to explore novel experiences, although most Spanish consumers have been reported to be attached to culinary traditions. This chapter delves into Spanish customs related to eating and drinking, including the primary characteristics of Spanish foods and meals, as well as societal and cultural factors influencing eating habits. The high consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables, the importance given to leisure and socializing linked to mealtimes, and being considered an eating-out society are some of the most important aspects that define the Spanish consumer. To gain a better understanding of Spanish consumers’ perceptions of specific products such as olive oil or nuts—ingredients central to the Mediterranean diet and considered essential to Spanish gastronomy—some consumer and cross-cultural studies have also been included and discussed.