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This chapter examines the significant rise in the number of incarcerated individuals in recent decades, which has positioned Brazil as the third highest in the world in terms of absolute figures. It also addresses the underlying structural issues, including the colonial racial hierarchy, capitalist influences, and the acceptance of criminological theories rooted in classicism that have contributed to this phenomenon. This pattern has been further shaped by the recent proliferation of neoliberal ideology: a complex network of neoliberal governance intertwines with social control mechanisms, cultivating an environment where punitive actions are embraced as remedies for systemic problems. The analysis reveals that in contemporary Brazil, the criminal justice system, influenced by neoliberal principles, transforms into a tool not only for maintaining order but also for sustaining power structures that marginalize at-risk communities. Concurrently, social networks amplify these narratives, facilitating the commodification of fear and the advancement of individualistic ideologies that emphasize conformity over collective action, thereby undermining initiatives aimed at achieving social justice.

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The Interplay of Incarceration Policies, Colonial Racial Structures, and Neoliberal Ideologies in Twenty-First-Century Brazil

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Salah H. Khaled,
  • Vanessa Chiari Gonçalves

摘要

This chapter examines the significant rise in the number of incarcerated individuals in recent decades, which has positioned Brazil as the third highest in the world in terms of absolute figures. It also addresses the underlying structural issues, including the colonial racial hierarchy, capitalist influences, and the acceptance of criminological theories rooted in classicism that have contributed to this phenomenon. This pattern has been further shaped by the recent proliferation of neoliberal ideology: a complex network of neoliberal governance intertwines with social control mechanisms, cultivating an environment where punitive actions are embraced as remedies for systemic problems. The analysis reveals that in contemporary Brazil, the criminal justice system, influenced by neoliberal principles, transforms into a tool not only for maintaining order but also for sustaining power structures that marginalize at-risk communities. Concurrently, social networks amplify these narratives, facilitating the commodification of fear and the advancement of individualistic ideologies that emphasize conformity over collective action, thereby undermining initiatives aimed at achieving social justice.