How does human behaviour influence societal resilience in the face of sudden shocks? In the following chapter this question is approached from the angle of human/social values. It is argued that our values are providing us with important orientations and are defining our social identities. The diversity of social identities is, in turn, defining the responsive pattern with which a society meets a shock. Despite the recognition that human behaviour can either be dominated by a rational and reflective decision pattern or by an automated and/or group respectively cultural norm-driven decision pattern, the system of societal value landscapes provide a key to understand or possibly strengthen societal resilience. It is argued that the complexity of these systems needs to be studied with a multi-system approach, which also forms the basis for advanced models of social learning. With more sophisticated models of societal complexities and learning, improving societal resilience through active public engagement can be possible.