Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory condition influenced by genetic and environmental factors affecting joints, leading to deformity, loss of function, and disability. Similarly, chronic inflammation of the periodontium can lead to progressive periodontal tissue destruction and tooth loss. Emerging evidence suggested the bidirectional relationship between RA and periodontal disease (PD) as both share common inflammatory markers and immune dysregulation. In this chapter, we discussed the connection between PD and RA, focusing on how the immune system responds to inflammatory stimuli. While inflammation is generally a protective mechanism, sustained inflammation leads to various pathogeneses and the development of diseases. We also discussed the cells involved in this process, the mechanisms by which they mediate inflammation, and the mechanisms of inflammation resolution. Additionally, we have highlighted the role of a novel transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), which plays an important role in anti-inflammatory processes and its regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, the signaling pathways regulating inflammation and immune responses and their implications for future therapeutic developments of various medical conditions were discussed. We further explored the role of dental pulp stem cells (DPCSs), which have shown promise in reducing inflammation, promoting tissue regeneration, and reducing inflammatory mechanisms. We will discuss how DPSC can be used for future therapeutic developments targeting regenerative medicine.